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Smartcards are the most popular devices for storing digital certificates and private keys in a secure way. They have programmable processors and secure memory and they are extremely solid and portable. They are used in systems where information security, identity confidentiality and mobility are the main concerns. Smartcard that have cryptographic processors have the following capabilities:
- Encryption/Decryption on chip
- Signing/Verifying on chip
- Storing public and private key
- Storing any information
- Password protection
A smartcard has mainly two region namely private and public. In the private region, the operations like key generation, decryption and signature creations are performed.The access to this region is restricted and the information stored in the private region can not be copied or extracted outside. In the public region, the stored information is publicly accessible and can be viewed by a smartcard utility application.
A smartcard may have the following components to be used in a PKI system:
- Signing private key
- Encryption private key
- Current signing certificate
- Current encryption certificate
- Previous encryption certificates and private keys
